Monday, September 22, 2025

Formulas & Functions

Virtually everything business users do with Excel involves worksheet formulas and functions. And this category concentrates on that topic.

This category also includes what Microsoft calls “Names”—which many of us call “Range Names.” More accurately, however, “Names” are named formulas.

Check tags for information about specific functions.

How to Use SUMPRODUCT to Create Two-Dimensional Lookups in Excel Formulas

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A friend recently asked, "In this table, how can I return the date where the lowest value occurs?" More generally, however, he was asking how to...
SUMPRODUCT is one of Excel's most-powerful function for summarizing data. It offers much of the power of array formulas, but without the complications.

How to Use SUMPRODUCT in Excel to Summarize Worksheet Data

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After I posted  The Most Powerful Ways to Summarize Excel Data for Reporting and Analysis, a reader asked why I hadn't discussed the SUMPRODUCT function. I told him...
Excel's four better-known functions for rounding numbers are: INT, ROUND, ROUNDUP, and ROUNDDOWN. Here's how to understand and use them in your Excel work.

How to Use Excel’s Better-Known Rounding Functions: INT, ROUNDUP, ROUNDDOWN, & ROUND

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Excel has one way to round up or down from the first generation. In recent generations it has also offered a second method. And...
Array formulas may be Excel's most-powerful feature for summarizing data. But they're also a little-used feature of Excel. Here's how to use their power.

How to Summarize Spreadsheet Data with Excel’s Array Formulas

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Subtotals can reveal very useful management information. For example, managers might be interested to learn that sales increased by 10% last month. But they would...
You can sort data with formulas in two ways. One way requires Excel 2019 and above. This article explains how to sort data in all versions of Excel.

How to Sort Data in Reports Automatically Using Excel Formulas

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Many Excel reports include tables that show sorted results. Usually, these tables were sorted manually in Excel, using the Data, Sort command. However, reports...
With the help of three functions most Excel users seldom use -- INT, MOD, and CEILING -- you can round Excel time values to any increment you want.

How to Round Time in Excel to Any Increment

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Several years ago, a reader asked whether it's possible to use the ROUND function to round times quarter- or half-hour increments. I gave him a...
Here's how a few Excel formulas can move data between Excel's most widely used table designs to transfer data from source files into a more usable form.

How to Read and Update Excel Tables Using SUMIFS and INDEX-MATCH

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A growing number of Excel users in business are linking their reports and analyses to Excel tables. By doing so, they can update them...
Do you spend hours each period turning raw data into useful information? You can fight such Spreadsheet Hell with help from three key Excel functions.

How to Fight Spreadsheet Hell with Three Excel Lookup Functions

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(I wrote this long ago, and there's much to be added. It's high on my Update list. Charley) Many Excel users build their reports like...
Does Excel's INDEX worksheet function work for you only some of the time? Here are ways to learn why your INDEX function isn't working as you expect.

How to Debug INDEX in Excel

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"I'm not a very experienced Excel user. Why does = INDEX(...) sometimes work and sometimes not.... :-)?" -- Suzan G. Probably the best way to...
The extreme variability caused by seasonal sales makes it difficult to track and forecast your underlying sales trends. Here's how to solve that problem.

How to Create a Rolling Forecast of Seasonal Sales in Excel

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The Excel chart below shows the typical saw-tooth pattern of seasonal sales. Seasonal sales have about the same pattern every year, every week, or both. In...

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How to Smooth Data by Using the TREND Function

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