Monday, September 22, 2025

Formulas & Functions

Virtually everything business users do with Excel involves worksheet formulas and functions. And this category concentrates on that topic.

This category also includes what Microsoft calls “Names”—which many of us call “Range Names.” More accurately, however, “Names” are named formulas.

Check tags for information about specific functions.

The Rule of 72 is a guesstimate of how long it will take an investment at a specific interest rate to double in value. But how accurate is it? Ask Excel.

Excel and the Rule of 72

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I recently learned that my son—who's an avid amateur investor—had never heard of the Rule of 72. The rule of 72, I texted him, says...
Excel's SUMPRODUCT function offers much of the power of Excel array formulas, but without special treatment.

Use Excel’s SUMPRODUCT to Summarize Worksheet Data

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After I posted  The Most Powerful Ways to Summarize Excel Data for Reporting and Analysis, a reader asked why I hadn't discussed the SUMPRODUCT function. I...
How to Work with Dates Before 1900 in Excel

How to Work with Dates Before 1900 in Excel

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(Download the workbook.) If you work with dates prior to the year 1900, Excel's standard date-handling system will be no help. However, there are several...
Both IPMT and ISPMT return the interest payment for a given period for a loan or investment. But Microsoft's help topics haven't made their differences clear. Here's what you need to know about these two financial functions.

How to Create Even-Payment and Straight-Line Amortization Tables in Excel

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When you borrow money for a fixed period with periodic payments, you could have two types of loans: even-payment or straight-line. Microsoft recognizes those loan...
Most loans and many investments are annuities, which are payments made at fixed intervals over time. Here's how to use Excel to calculate any of the five key unknowns for any annuity.

Excel’s Five Annuity Functions

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“Help!” the message said. “I know the payment, interest rate, and current balance of a loan, and I need to calculate the number of...
Mortgage lenders give you many options for your interest rate and amortization period. This workbook helps you to choose from among them.

Compare Loan Payment Options in Excel

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When you’re comparing your payment options for mortgage loans, your choices can be overwhelming... When in St. Ives, I found a home, Then looked at seven...
Excel's dynamic range names give your formulas the power to adapt automatically in response to changes in your data or settings. Here's how to set them up.

How to Create and Use Dynamic Range Names in Excel

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(Download the example workbooks.) We Excel users often refer to ranges that need to move or expand in future versions of our reports. For example: ...
You can use probability distributions to manage the uncertainty about your assumptions when you create simulations in Excel. Here's how.

How to Return Random Numbers from a Normal Distribution for Your Excel Forecasts

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(This is the first of two articles about normal distributions. The second article is, How to Create Monte Carlo Models and Forecasts Using Excel Data...
In one SUMPRODUCT formula, you can summarize any number of specific accounts in a list. This makes it easy to summarize financial data from an accounting trial balance.

How to Create Summarized Financial Statements with SUMIFS Criteria Lists

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In How to Use SUMIFS with Criteria Lists, Summarizing Sales, I explained how to use the SUMPRODUCT function with SUMIFS to return the sum of...
The SUMIFS function returns a sum for nearly any number of single criteria. But with SUMPFODUCT you can return the sum for many criteria listed in a Criteria List.

How to Use SUMIFS with Criteria Lists, Summarizing Sales

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With one exception, SUMIFS is a very powerful function. And it's very fast. To understand the one exception, suppose you have a table of sales...

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Getting Radical with Excel

It's time to think about Excel in a radical new way—when we use it to work with business or economic data. It's time, in fact,...
Growing too fast can be dangerous to your company's health. Use the Sustainable Growth Rate ratio to track your company's financial ability to grow.

How Fast Is Too Fast?

(Originally published in Inc Magazine.) What typically tops the list of worries of the chief executive officers of fast growing companies? Financing that growth, according...

How to Smooth Data by Using the TREND Function

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Years ago, I read that Prof. William S. Cleveland had suggested that data could be smoothed by calculating a centered trendline through adjacent data—a...
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